Beate Reszat wrote in her blog about “The home-currency problem in the euro area”. Her main thesis is that all members of the euro zone are in trouble and that there is no safe haven against a break-up of the euro, at least not inside of the euro area. I wrote this comment about that:
You are right that the euro is a large problem for all countries. However, the problem is not symmetric and Germany is not the next weak link but the economically strong country that holds the whole currency union together (at least until now but perhaps not much longer). Formally, Germany has the same problem as Greece, lacking its own currency and thereby being at risk of becoming insolvent. In fact, the situation is very different. If (when) Greece leaves the euro, the new drachm[a] will be very weak. If Germany does the same, the new D-Mark would be very strong and the remaining euro would fall or be destroyed. Looking for a sa[f]e haven in Europe, the markets find it in Germany.
Ms Reszat did not buy my argument and wrote “Safe haven under euro uncertainty – a reply”. We agree on the following (all following citations are from her last blog post):
Currently, the euro is no country’s currency. It is too weak for the stronger members of the euro area and too strong for representing the economies of the weaker ones as I wrote. Germany is one of the strong countries which explains why at the moment within the euro area capital is flowing to it above all from weak southern European countries.
However, I disagree with the following forecast:
With rising probability that the euro will not survive it matters less and less which country is the strongest in the euro area. If the future of the euro is regarded as uncertain investors will flee the currency – no matter where it is held – and German investors will not differ from others since, as I argued, in this case the euro is as foreign to them as to any other euro-zone citizen.
Yes, the euro is foreign to Germany, too, but its replacement, a new D-mark or whatever its name, will be strong. Euros in a Greek bank account may become drachmae quite soon. The same could happen to euro bills and coins that someone in southern Europe has in his wallet or under her pillow. Nobody knows when and how the euro will break up in national currencies. However, it is quite sure that German bonds, Bunds, will be paid back in the new German currency in this case. Within a permanent euro area there would be no reason to seek Germany as a safe haven. Only the high risk of an end of the euro, at least for some or even all countries, makes Germany and its government loans that attractive. Ms Reszat thinks instead:
With a return to national currencies, however, it is no longer Germany’s relative position to other euro zone countries which matters. Investors will compare the new “D-mark” to its international rivals – the US dollar, the Japanese yen and maybe a handful of other currencies which are all outside the current euro area. In this comparison, Germany will appear rather weak. High indebtedness, a recession looming on the horizon, the threat of political instability (the failed euro experiment will further destabilize the country) and neighbour countries and main trading partners sever[e]ly damaged by the crisis and austerity policies – all this will reduce its attractiveness. As a consequence, investors from Germany and elsewhere will try to reduce the share of certain European assets in their portfolios, which suddenly will appear far too high, and shift capital from the former euro area to other parts of Europe (i.e. UK, Switzerland …) and, above all, to other world currencies. Investors in and outside Europe will feel a strong need to revise their diversification strategies.
I do not think that. Firstly, markets and investors are forward looking. As long as the euro zone seemed safe, the money was flowing out of Germany to the periphery. Now it is flowing back because the euro is insecure. If the argument of Ms Reszat were correct, the money would flow out of the euro zone altogether including Germany right now. Secondly, the financial and economic positions of alternative countries outside the euro zone like UK and Switzerland or farther afield the USA and Japan are not that great, too. Switzerland is too small, Japan is highly indebted and in a economically weak position since more than twenty years, the USA has political problems and could try to inflate its way out of its debts.
For sure, the prospect of a chaotic end to the euro is not nice. However, it would hit not only Germany and other euro countries but the whole world. The economic position of Germany is and remains strong. The high German export surplus would be reduced when other European countries have less and weaker money to buy German goods but many exports go to other countries. One large problem for Germany and its export industries would be a strong currency appreciation. However, this brings about a healthy reduction of the excessive German export surplus and an increase of the demand for imports. If the appreciation becomes too high, it will be limited by its own effects. In any case, it is not reasonable to fear a too weak and too strong currency at the same time. This is only a problem for the euro that is too strong for Greece and too weak for Germany.
Investors in and outside Europe will feel a strong need to revise their diversification strategies. Many had markedly increased their exposure to the newly established euro area after the introduction of the common currency expecting that it will play a greater role in international relations than individual regional currencies ever had. Now they will have to dismiss this idea.
Sorry, but I do disagree with this kind of reasoning, too. As a matter of fact, the current world reserves in euros are lower than they were for the old D-mark. I would expect them to be higher for a new D-mark again. The euro was and is a complete failure. All countries including Germany will profit as soon as this is realised by the responsible politicians and they abolish the euro as orderly as possible.